This article aims to identify the behavior of endowments in the context of conventional Economics, psychology and Behavioral Economics to facilitate the management of quantitative and qualitative expansion of endowments. The study in this article has been done by descriptive-analytical method. In this research, it is shown that, firstly, the Behavioral motives of waqf are due to divine and otherworldly motives. Behavioral motivations can also arise from needs such as physiological and security needs, needs related to belonging, the need to others' respect and love, and the need to realize oneself, which in turn is due to human psychological and social needs. All these needs can cause the waaqif to dedicate his property. According to economic analysis, endowment behaviors can also be associated with self-interest in the context of conventional Economics. In the context of Behavioral Economics, endowment is justified by the motives of self-interest and Altruism, confrontation, preference for moral beliefs, fairness and preference for equality.

This article investigates the role of Conceptual Metaphors of 3 Behavioral Economics biases, including Irrational Evaluation, Labeling, and Replacing market values with social values on Willingness to Pay (WTP) and Willingness to Accept (WTA) of Participants. To extract experimental, conceptual metaphors, the results of field studies were checked on a group of 30 participants in the first phase. In the second phase, we used the semi-pilot method on 30 other participants through 2 stages for investigating conceptual metaphors. Analysis of variances showed that that the conceptual metaphors used in this article do not influence Willingness to Pay and Willingness to Sell. However, in Willingness to Pay status, among other biases, the impact of irrational evaluations conceptual metaphors has stronger effects, whereas, in Willingness to Accept status, replacing market values with social values is stronger than other biases. The results of this research showed that three mentioned Behavioral principles that were implemented through conceptual metaphors, couldn't influence buying or selling decisions of participants significantly, but the efficacy of these Behavioral principles were different in buying and selling decisions.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the rationality of Behavioral Economics in mental accounting by studying laboratory Economics. Undoubtedly, economic man, whose fundamental characteristic is rationality, is the starting point for economic analysis. In conventional Economics, the premise of rationality is the cornerstone and the premise of all economic theories. However, critics of economic rationality argue that economic agents sometimes exhibit irrational behaviors that may be limited by mental capabilities. Behavioral Economics, which is generally based on abstract preferences, addresses the general frameworks of subjective accounting. In this study, an economic experiment was designed by providing a laboratory environment and using thirty actors. Laboratory Economics assesses Behavioral assumptions and theories by means of controlled experiments. The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between the rationality of economic behavior and mental accounting. This study argues that it is not possible to provide a realistic analysis of individualschr('39') financial behaviors only on the assumption of rationality and without considering other factors, particularly the Behavioral constraints of decision makers. Given the limited number of studies of Behavioral Economics, the present study can help us to better understand financial behaviors of mental accounting origin.

Electricity consumption has been rising with an average annual growth of 7% in Iran and the imbalance in production and consumption has caused power outage crisis and economic losses. More than 50% of peak electricity demand is related to the household sector, so the household sector can be considered as the most effective component of the electricity crisis. Investment costs for the construction of power plants, transmission, distribution networks are increasing every year. In order to manage peak electricity demand in the short term, four main solutions are proposed: customer relationship management, electricity tariff reform, quotas and voluntary reductions in electricity consumption, and the replacement of low efficiency electrical equipments with high efficiency appliances. These policies have not been much successful. The failure of these policies can be attributed to inadequate social recognition of policymakers from the community. The tools and insights of Behavioral Economics are, in fact, a lost circle that can promote the implementation of such policies.

One of the barriers to people's health is following past behaviors and not changing habits based on past and current preferences and ignoring the future. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study is to investigate factor analysis of health biases related to people using Behavioral Economics approach. For this purpose, the data of the present study was collected through a questionnaire developed by the researcher and convenience sampling from faculty members and staff of Ilam University. The initial reliability of the questions related to health biases was measured based on the Cronbach's alpha criterion, and the result was 0.77. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed that eight dimensions of health biases are important reflections of people's biased beliefs during daily decisions regarding nutrition, physical activity, treatment, treatment cost and treatment period. Exploratory factor analysis showed that 8 factors explain about 72.55% of the changes in health biases. Also, the examination of the fit indices of the confirmatory factor analysis model showed that the eight-factor model has a good fit with the data. . People's health biases in the form of 8 main dimensions were named as follows:  impatience in nutrition, oversimplification in nutrition, presentism in physical activity, ignoring the cost of staying healthy, willingness to pay for immediate treatment, procrastination in emotional treatment, naivety about the treatment period and indiscretion in treatment. The results of the present study can help health activists (researchers, decision-makers, planners, etc.) to explain the biases of Behavioral Economics to informing new concepts of health